The future of energy security will depend less on who controls oil wells and more on who controls batteries, critical minerals and electricity storage systems. That is why Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund (PIF) should directly invest in battery storage factories in Indonesia. The urgency has become clearer amid the Iran war and repeated instability around the Strait of Hormuz, one of the world’s most important energy chokepoints. The conflict exposed how vulnerable global supply chains remain to geopolitical shocks. Governments are now realizing that energy security is no longer only about crude oil. It is also about securing battery materials, storage technology and industrial resilience. Saudi Arabia and Indonesia have complementary strategic advantages. Saudi Arabia has capital, industrial ambition […]